Sectors & IndustriesHealthcare
Best Healthcare Stocks to Buy Now (2025)
Top healthcare stocks in 2025 ranked by overall Due Diligence Score. See the best healthcare stocks to buy now, according to analyst forecasts for the healthcare sector.

Sector: Healthcare
Ticker
Company
Market Cap
Price
Price Target
Upside/Downside
Top Analysts Upside/Downside
Consensus
Top Analysts Consensus
Analysts
Top Analysts
Fore. Revenue Growth
Fore. Earnings Growth
Forecast ROE
Forecast ROA
ORIC
ORIC PHARMACEUTICALS INC
$338.80M$4.77$20.00319.29%Strong Buy3N/AN/A-52.00%-46.12%
BFRG
BULLFROG AI HOLDINGS INC
$15.63M$1.66N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
CRVS
CORVUS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
$220.76M$3.24$13.00301.23%Buy2N/AN/A-70.44%-33.29%
ACLX
ARCELLX INC
$3.41B$62.02$112.1380.79%Strong Buy839.55%N/A2.33%1.49%
ATXS
ASTRIA THERAPEUTICS INC
$227.99M$4.04$24.50506.44%Buy4N/AN/A-22.21%-20.72%
ISPC
ISPECIMEN INC
$3.08M$1.24N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
STTK
SHATTUCK LABS INC
$37.03M$0.77$4.00417.46%Buy179.13%N/A-120.31%-105.22%
ENGN
ENGENE HOLDINGS INC
$203.91M$4.00$22.17454.18%Buy6N/AN/A-15.66%-13.69%
EDIT
EDITAS MEDICINE INC
$106.21M$1.28$5.88358.98%Buy8-41.21%N/A-2.47%-0.97%
CUE
CUE BIOPHARMA INC
$47.11M$0.76$2.00162.47%Buy114.38%N/A-261.42%-142.11%
IONS
IONIS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
$4.51B$28.40$56.3398.36%Buy917.22%N/A19.45%3.81%
KALV
KALVISTA PHARMACEUTICALS INC
$596.59M$12.00$24.83106.94%Strong Buy6N/AN/A-10.96%-5.76%
ELDN
ELEDON PHARMACEUTICALS INC
$179.05M$2.99$16.00435.12%Buy1N/AN/A-68.93%-45.91%
NEOG
NEOGEN CORP
$952.80M$4.39$9.75122.10%Buy20.33%N/A4.00%2.63%
HOTH
HOTH THERAPEUTICS INC
$10.38M$0.79$4.50471.07%Strong Buy2N/AN/AN/AN/A
RBOT
VICARIOUS SURGICAL INC
$31.97M$5.39$8.5057.70%Hold1N/AN/A-35.05%-24.17%
EWTX
EDGEWISE THERAPEUTICS INC
$1.28B$13.45$41.71210.14%Buy7N/AN/A-13.61%-12.84%
ARCT
ARCTURUS THERAPEUTICS HOLDINGS INC
$285.57M$10.53$54.75419.94%Strong Buy431.23%N/A139.10%97.42%
VIGL
VIGIL NEUROSCIENCE INC
$79.81M$1.71$16.33855.15%Buy3N/AN/A5.21%3.17%
RANI
RANI THERAPEUTICS HOLDINGS INC
$67.25M$1.17$9.00669.23%Strong Buy3320.84%N/A-1,890.09%-102.77%
OMER
OMEROS CORP
$393.67M$6.78$22.50231.86%Strong Buy2N/AN/AN/A-45.89%
DNTH
DIANTHUS THERAPEUTICS INC
$626.44M$19.50$53.60174.87%Buy533.60%N/A-29.73%-28.02%
SLNO
SOLENO THERAPEUTICS INC
$3.21B$69.98$98.8641.26%Strong Buy7N/AN/A111.19%82.35%
LTRN
LANTERN PHARMA INC
$36.88M$3.42$25.00630.99%Strong Buy1N/AN/AN/AN/A
VTYX
VENTYX BIOSCIENCES INC
$76.11M$1.07$7.50600.93%Buy2N/AN/A5.60%5.14%
RPTX
REPARE THERAPEUTICS INC
$51.01M$1.20$4.50275.00%Strong Buy2-29.16%N/A-31.79%-27.22%
SVRA
SAVARA INC
$519.63M$3.01$7.00132.56%Buy4N/AN/A15.61%12.57%
TNGX
TANGO THERAPEUTICS INC
$139.46M$1.29$9.67649.38%Strong Buy3-5.39%N/A-38.47%-24.25%
CRDF
CARDIFF ONCOLOGY INC
$189.59M$2.85$13.33367.82%Strong Buy3-27.11%N/A-123.51%-105.41%
QURE
UNIQURE NV
$703.00M$13.00$38.22194.02%Buy9175.00%N/A-14,488.31%175.77%
BMEA
BIOMEA FUSION INC
$63.50M$1.69$19.501,053.85%Strong Buy4N/AN/A-205.08%-132.31%
PROK
PROKIDNEY CORP
$231.52M$0.79N/AN/AN/AN/A2,205.99%N/AN/A-3.98%
AIRS
AIRSCULPT TECHNOLOGIES INC
$99.58M$1.70$3.75120.59%Hold21.62%N/AN/AN/A
BDRX
BIODEXA PHARMACEUTICALS PLC
$0.00$1.43N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A-76,323.27%-42,974.45%
ALLR
ALLARITY THERAPEUTICS INC
$15.99M$0.94N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A-6,749.14%-3,519.38%
OKUR
ONKURE THERAPEUTICS INC
$38.83M$2.89$32.251,015.92%Strong Buy4N/AN/A-30.28%-27.36%
PLRX
PLIANT THERAPEUTICS INC
$89.40M$1.46$8.79501.78%Hold7N/AN/A26.92%20.62%
ATAI
ATAI LIFE SCIENCES NV
$291.51M$1.47$10.50614.29%Strong Buy2144.47%N/A-23.87%-17.42%
RGLS
REGULUS THERAPEUTICS INC
$136.46M$2.06$14.67611.99%Strong Buy3N/AN/A-185.53%-168.40%
UPC
UNIVERSE PHARMACEUTICALS INC
$21.63k$3.56N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
XBIT
XBIOTECH INC
$89.63M$2.94N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
FBLG
FIBROBIOLOGICS INC
$44.91M$1.19$13.331,020.42%Strong Buy3N/AN/A-1,048.59%-174.39%
RCKT
ROCKET PHARMACEUTICALS INC
$674.97M$6.33$43.00579.30%Strong Buy9N/AN/A-24.63%-21.62%
SKYE
SKYE BIOSCIENCE INC
$44.45M$1.44$14.50910.45%Buy2N/AN/A-93.85%-87.90%
TRML
TOURMALINE BIO INC
$411.22M$16.01$45.20182.32%Buy5N/AN/A-40.49%-39.32%
EYEN
EYENOVIA INC
$3.06M$1.08$2.0085.19%Hold1636.72%N/AN/A-324.90%
CTXR
CITIUS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
$8.32M$0.97$54.505,530.17%Strong Buy2N/AN/AN/AN/A
ICCT
ICORECONNECT INC
$2.96M$2.43N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
CRNX
CRINETICS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
$2.83B$30.42$72.20137.34%Strong Buy5468.62%N/A0.59%0.54%
KPTI
KARYOPHARM THERAPEUTICS INC
$41.66M$4.95$57.501,061.62%Strong Buy414.37%N/A0.00%0.00%
CLNN
CLENE INC
$25.76M$3.00$55.251,741.67%Strong Buy4602.05%N/A-693.16%224.58%
VYGR
VOYAGER THERAPEUTICS INC
$174.45M$3.16$13.95341.33%Strong Buy5-1.51%N/A-8.61%-6.57%
NAOV
NANOVIBRONIX INC
$5.44M$7.16N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
SLDB
SOLID BIOSCIENCES INC
$197.61M$2.55$15.67514.39%Strong Buy6N/AN/A-55.90%-40.66%
KYMR
KYMERA THERAPEUTICS INC
$1.69B$25.97$58.00123.33%Strong Buy1022.98%N/A-27.42%-23.43%
NYXH
NYXOAH SA
$225.87M$6.04$15.33154.07%Strong Buy3173.22%N/A-10.34%-7.39%
NMRA
NEUMORA THERAPEUTICS INC
$104.80M$0.65$7.501,059.20%Hold6N/AN/A-84.36%-76.40%
CDTX
CIDARA THERAPEUTICS INC
$212.94M$19.44$38.0095.47%Strong Buy6465.16%N/A-31.73%-24.12%
OSRH
OSR HOLDINGS INC
$5.37M$1.33N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A
BHVN
BIOHAVEN LTD
$2.08B$20.37$64.33215.82%Strong Buy6N/AN/AN/AN/A
ANNX
ANNEXON INC
$160.18M$1.46$23.001,475.34%Buy2N/AN/A-10.48%-8.78%
UBX
UNITY BIOTECHNOLOGY INC
$16.36M$0.97$4.00312.37%Strong Buy2N/AN/A64.94%11.20%
RVMD
REVOLUTION MEDICINES INC
$6.83B$36.76$70.4091.51%Strong Buy10N/AN/A-11.53%-10.21%
APGE
APOGEE THERAPEUTICS INC
$1.97B$33.11$96.00189.94%Strong Buy4N/AN/A-45.62%-43.37%
LFWD
LIFEWARD LTD
$15.09M$1.42$9.00533.80%Strong Buy360.77%N/A120.69%74.62%
BEAT
HEARTBEAM INC
$54.80M$1.63$8.00392.31%Buy1N/AN/AN/AN/A
CRVO
CERVOMED INC
$85.29M$9.80$20.33107.48%Strong Buy6208.59%N/AN/AN/A
VERA
VERA THERAPEUTICS INC
$1.36B$21.29$57.80171.49%Strong Buy5N/AN/A-1.40%-1.23%
RAPT
RAPT THERAPEUTICS INC
$104.29M$0.79$7.00786.08%Strong Buy2N/AN/A-22.94%-18.13%
ALMS
ALUMIS INC
$272.04M$5.00$24.00380.00%Buy3N/AN/A-78.86%-60.15%
COGT
COGENT BIOSCIENCES INC
$497.52M$4.37$15.00243.25%Buy5N/AN/A9.55%7.47%
HOWL
WEREWOLF THERAPEUTICS INC
$41.20M$0.92$9.00879.33%Buy3164.80%N/A-75.13%-43.44%
INBX
INHIBRX BIOSCIENCES INC
$166.04M$11.47N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A-80.95%-59.82%
CHRS
COHERUS BIOSCIENCES INC
$129.80M$1.12$6.50480.36%Buy2-13.26%N/A-7.02%2.07%
BLRX
BIOLINERX LTD
$12.86M$2.88$26.00802.78%Buy1-48.45%N/AN/AN/A
IMVT
IMMUNOVANT INC
$2.57B$15.15$43.25185.48%Strong Buy4N/AN/A-115.61%-96.85%
ALDX
ALDEYRA THERAPEUTICS INC
$130.76M$2.19$9.50333.79%Strong Buy2N/AN/A26.63%18.08%
CBUS
CIBUS INC
$57.37M$1.67$21.501,187.43%Strong Buy2145.38%N/A-28.70%-7.56%
ACHV
ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES INC
$69.02M$1.99$12.00503.02%Strong Buy1N/AN/A453.09%245.10%
ADVM
ADVERUM BIOTECHNOLOGIES INC
$61.21M$2.93$22.67673.62%Buy3-4.96%N/A-188.48%-74.11%
GUTS
FRACTYL HEALTH INC
$59.68M$1.22$10.00719.67%Strong Buy11,532.17%N/A-149.73%-39.38%
CELC
CELCUITY INC
$387.48M$10.24$28.00173.44%Buy2N/AN/A40.75%19.22%
IMUX
IMMUNIC INC
$88.35M$0.98$11.001,022.45%Strong Buy3N/AN/A1,174.03%529.42%
CTNM
CONTINEUM THERAPEUTICS INC
$119.53M$4.62$23.75414.07%Strong Buy4N/AN/A-37.49%-34.88%
INZY
INOZYME PHARMA INC
$59.04M$0.92$17.831,840.48%Strong Buy6N/AN/A67.40%31.64%
DYN
DYNE THERAPEUTICS INC
$924.20M$8.17$44.00438.56%Buy8N/AN/A0.90%0.82%
ETNB
89BIO INC
$884.66M$6.06$32.40434.65%Strong Buy5N/AN/A-27.56%-23.08%
CDXS
CODEXIS INC
$174.79M$2.11$11.00421.33%Strong Buy125.88%N/A61.89%27.80%
VKTX
VIKING THERAPEUTICS INC
$2.69B$23.94$79.25231.04%Strong Buy8N/AN/A-24.06%-23.32%
PHVS
PHARVARIS NV
$761.31M$14.00$55.00292.86%Buy1N/AN/A0.64%0.59%
STAA
STAAR SURGICAL CO
$833.11M$16.89$17.503.61%Buy46.01%N/A4.97%3.87%
MRNA
MODERNA INC
$9.54B$24.72$47.5092.19%Hold125.69%N/A-1.69%-1.30%
DTIL
PRECISION BIOSCIENCES INC
$52.62M$5.02$47.00836.25%Buy24.17%-28.12%7.99%3.30%
GALT
GALECTIN THERAPEUTICS INC
$87.19M$1.38$11.00697.10%Buy1N/AN/AN/A-382.80%
INBS
INTELLIGENT BIO SOLUTIONS INC
$6.28M$1.19N/AN/AN/AN/A109.68%N/A42.32%21.28%
KYTX
KYVERNA THERAPEUTICS INC
$80.38M$1.86$16.00760.22%Strong Buy3N/AN/A-74.08%-64.83%
MLTX
MOONLAKE IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
$2.45B$38.33$75.8097.78%Buy5N/AN/A12.93%12.09%
AQST
AQUESTIVE THERAPEUTICS INC
$248.17M$2.51$12.00378.09%Strong Buy428.29%N/A-49.31%29.24%
OBIO
ORCHESTRA BIOMED HOLDINGS INC
$109.19M$2.85$15.00426.32%Strong Buy419.52%N/A-115.08%-49.79%
ANVS
ANNOVIS BIO INC
$23.77M$1.22$25.331,976.48%Strong Buy3N/AN/A-352.77%-235.78%
1...789...12

Healthcare Industries

IndustryStocks1d %1w %1m %1y %DD ScoreP/E ratioP/B RatioROEROAROCEUpside/DownsideConsensus
664+1.44%+7.32%-12.76%-78.57%-177.72x4.05x-14.16%-3.26%+3.47%+119.43%Strong Buy
59-0.89%+1.86%-14.67%-28.04%36.04x3.26x-10.23%+5.94%+11.08%+37.28%Strong Buy
18+5.56%+7.18%-7.36%+0.30%52.36x6.01x+41.53%+8.41%+14.93%+45.19%Buy
78+1.25%+4.01%-7.07%-58.03%20.48x1.99x+13.87%+6.54%+13.17%+55.04%Buy
11-8.24%-9.28%-1.35%-10.12%24.78x2.60x+12.77%+4.06%+10.32%+21.07%Buy
55+0.79%+5.86%-0.82%-70.29%11.14x3.39x+9.14%+3.49%+8.21%+58.97%Buy
49+0.02%-1.39%-2.78%-4.87%14.77x4.22x-102.66%+7.00%+14.78%+26.49%Buy
143+0.53%+1.94%-7.30%-17.87%41.14x3.80x+12.57%+8.71%+9.37%+44.79%Strong Buy
11+0.56%+2.78%+5.08%+21.22%32.31x-306.01x-2.68%+3.19%+22.69%+3.83%Buy
55-0.04%+1.07%-6.96%-10.89%40.39x3.55x+9.91%+7.98%+10.64%+39.65%Buy

Healthcare Stocks FAQ

What are the best healthcare stocks to buy right now in Apr 2025?

According to Zen Ratings, our proprietary rating system that evaluates 115 factors proven to drive growth in stocks and assigns each stock in our system an overall letter grade as well as 7 individual Component Grades for Value, Growth, Momentum, Sentiment, Safety, Financials, and proprietary AI algorithms, the 3 best healthcare stocks to buy right now are:

1. Bioventus (NASDAQ:BVS)


Bioventus (NASDAQ:BVS) is the #1 top healthcare stock out of 1143 with a Zen Rating of A. Stocks with a rating of A have had an average return of +32.52% per year. Learn more.

The Component Grade breakdown for Bioventus (NASDAQ:BVS) is: Value: B, Growth: A, Momentum: C, Sentiment: A, Safety: B, Financials: B, and AI: B.

Bioventus (NASDAQ:BVS) has a Due Diligence Score of 15, which is -11 points lower than the healthcare sector average of 26. Although this number is below the industry average, our proven quant model rates BVS as a "A".It passed 5 out of 33 due diligence checks and has weak fundamentals. Bioventus has seen its stock return 66.38% over the past year, overperforming other healthcare stocks by 123 percentage points.

Bioventus has an average 1 year price target of $14.33, an upside of 83.29% from Bioventus's current stock price of $7.82.

Bioventus stock has a consensus Strong Buy recommendation according to Wall Street analysts. Of the 3 analysts covering Bioventus, 66.67% have issued a Strong Buy rating, 0% have issued a Buy, 33.33% have issued a Hold, while 0% have issued a Sell rating, and 0% have issued a Strong Sell.

2. Protalix Biotherapeutics (NYSEMKT:PLX)


Protalix Biotherapeutics (NYSEMKT:PLX) is the #2 top healthcare stock out of 1143 with a Zen Rating of A. Stocks with a rating of A have had an average return of +32.52% per year. Learn more.

The Component Grade breakdown for Protalix Biotherapeutics (NYSEMKT:PLX) is: Value: B, Growth: A, Momentum: B, Sentiment: A, Safety: C, Financials: B, and AI: C.

Protalix Biotherapeutics (NYSEMKT:PLX) has a Due Diligence Score of 23, which is -3 points lower than the healthcare sector average of 26. Although this number is below the industry average, our proven quant model rates PLX as a "A".It passed 7 out of 33 due diligence checks and has weak fundamentals. Protalix Biotherapeutics has seen its stock return 126.96% over the past year, overperforming other healthcare stocks by 183 percentage points.

Protalix Biotherapeutics has an average 1 year price target of $15.00, an upside of 474.71% from Protalix Biotherapeutics's current stock price of $2.61.

Protalix Biotherapeutics stock has a consensus Buy recommendation according to Wall Street analysts. Of the 1 analyst covering Protalix Biotherapeutics, 0% have issued a Strong Buy rating, 100% have issued a Buy, 0% have issued a Hold, while 0% have issued a Sell rating, and 0% have issued a Strong Sell.

3. Pediatrix Medical Group (NYSE:MD)


Pediatrix Medical Group (NYSE:MD) is the #3 top healthcare stock out of 1143 with a Zen Rating of A. Stocks with a rating of A have had an average return of +32.52% per year. Learn more.

The Component Grade breakdown for Pediatrix Medical Group (NYSE:MD) is: Value: B, Growth: B, Momentum: C, Sentiment: B, Safety: B, Financials: B, and AI: B.

Pediatrix Medical Group (NYSE:MD) has a Due Diligence Score of 11, which is -15 points lower than the healthcare sector average of 26. Although this number is below the industry average, our proven quant model rates MD as a "A".It passed 3 out of 33 due diligence checks and has weak fundamentals. Pediatrix Medical Group has seen its stock return 45.52% over the past year, overperforming other healthcare stocks by 102 percentage points.

Pediatrix Medical Group has an average 1 year price target of $16.75, an upside of 30.66% from Pediatrix Medical Group's current stock price of $12.82.

Pediatrix Medical Group stock has a consensus Buy recommendation according to Wall Street analysts. Of the 6 analysts covering Pediatrix Medical Group, 16.67% have issued a Strong Buy rating, 16.67% have issued a Buy, 66.67% have issued a Hold, while 0% have issued a Sell rating, and 0% have issued a Strong Sell.

What are the healthcare stocks with highest dividends?

Out of 65 healthcare stocks that have issued dividends in the past year, the 3 healthcare stocks with the highest dividend yields are:

1. Siga Technologies (NASDAQ:SIGA)


Siga Technologies (NASDAQ:SIGA) has an annual dividend yield of N/A, which is N/A percentage points lower than the healthcare sector average of 2.48%.

Siga Technologies's dividend payout ratio of 72.3% indicates that its dividend yield is sustainable for the long-term.

2. Enzo Biochem (NYSE:ENZ)


Enzo Biochem (NYSE:ENZ) has an annual dividend yield of 31.85%, which is 29 percentage points higher than the healthcare sector average of 2.48%.

Enzo Biochem's dividend payout ratio of -23.8% indicates that its high dividend yield might not be sustainable for the long-term.

3. Select Medical Holdings (NYSE:SEM)


Select Medical Holdings (NYSE:SEM) has an annual dividend yield of 12%, which is 10 percentage points higher than the healthcare sector average of 2.48%. Select Medical Holdings's dividend payout is not stable, having dropped more than 10% two times in the last 10 years. Select Medical Holdings's dividend has not shown consistent growth over the last 10 years.

Select Medical Holdings's dividend payout ratio of 30.1% indicates that its high dividend yield is sustainable for the long-term.

Why are healthcare stocks up?

Healthcare stocks were up 0.22% in the last day, and up 2.81% over the last week. Adagio Medical Holdings was the among the top gainers in the healthcare sector, gaining 92.85% yesterday.

Adagio Medical Holdings shares are trading higher after the FDA granted Breakthrough Device Designation for the vCLAS cryoablation system.

What are the most undervalued healthcare stocks?

Based on the Valuation rating, one of the 7 components of a stocks overall Zen Ratings grade, which evaluates factors including estimated earnings yield, earnings before interest and taxes/enterprise value, cash flow yield, free cash flow to price, and price-to-earnings growth (PEG ratio), the 3 most undervalued healthcare stocks right now are:

1. Puma Biotechnology (NASDAQ:PBYI)


Puma Biotechnology (NASDAQ:PBYI) is the most undervalued healthcare stock based on its Valuation Rating of A. Valuation is one of 7 Component Grades used to calculate the overall Zen Rating.

Puma Biotechnology has a valuation score of 43, which is 27 points higher than the healthcare sector average of 16. It passed 3 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Puma Biotechnology's stock has dropped -44.68% in the past year. It has overperformed other stocks in the healthcare sector by 11 percentage points.

2. Biogen (NASDAQ:BIIB)


Biogen (NASDAQ:BIIB) is the second most undervalued healthcare stock based on its Valuation Rating of A. Valuation is one of 7 Component Grades used to calculate the overall Zen Rating.

Biogen has a valuation score of 86, which is 70 points higher than the healthcare sector average of 16. It passed 6 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Biogen's stock has dropped -38.28% in the past year. It has overperformed other stocks in the healthcare sector by 18 percentage points.

3. Harmony Biosciences Holdings (NASDAQ:HRMY)


Harmony Biosciences Holdings (NASDAQ:HRMY) is the third most undervalued healthcare stock based on its Valuation Rating of A. Valuation is one of 7 Component Grades used to calculate the overall Zen Rating.

Harmony Biosciences Holdings has a valuation score of 71, which is 55 points higher than the healthcare sector average of 16. It passed 5 out of 7 valuation due diligence checks.

Harmony Biosciences Holdings's stock has dropped -2.5% in the past year. It has overperformed other stocks in the healthcare sector by 54 percentage points.

Are healthcare stocks a good buy now?

52.22% of healthcare stocks rated by analysts are a strong buy right now. On average, analysts expect healthcare stocks to rise by 60.37% over the next year.

4.77% of healthcare stocks have a Zen Rating of A (Strong Buy), 11.74% of healthcare stocks are rated B (Buy), 46.09% are rated C (Hold), 26.41% are rated D (Sell), and 11% are rated F (Strong Sell).

What is the average p/e ratio of the healthcare sector?

The average P/E ratio of the healthcare sector is 10.14x.
WallStreetZen does not provide financial advice and does not issue recommendations or offers to buy stock or sell any security.

Information is provided 'as-is' and solely for informational purposes and is not advice. WallStreetZen does not bear any responsibility for any losses or damage that may occur as a result of reliance on this data.